The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Carbohydrate Polymers, 39, 377-380. Dextran Triple Detector Application Note 1, Viscotek GmbH, USA. Normally, the skin loses very little water loss whereas damaged skin loses more [22]. A single frequency laser is directed to the sample contained in a cuvette. Int. However, the currently available transdermal systems are limited by low drug permeability across the skin due to the lipophilic barrier function of the stratum corneum (SC), the outermost skin layer of the skin [3,4,5]; the methods favor low molecular mass, and lipophilic molecules, making it difficult to exploit the transdermal route for large and water-soluble molecules such as proteins and peptides. The temperature increment can induce a macromolecule compaction (decreases in RH and []), generating by this way, a greater difficult to flowing due at requires an increase of energy consumption (Eavf<). Characterization and Classification of Dextrans from Ninety-six Strains of Bacteria. Biomater Res 24, 22 (2020). 2019;9(3-S):9726. Kloster, C.; Bica C.; Rochas C.; Samios, D.; Geissler, E. (2000). 2022 Feb 22;16(2):1999-2012. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07010. In this work, the human cadaver skin was treated to confirm the skin regeneration after the application of the microporation device. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Results and Discussion The microscopic dynamics of proteins are probed in a light scattering experiment. The site is secure. Various average molecular weights (Mv, Mn, Mw, and Mz) instead of Mv were substituted in M-H equation. The hydrodynamic radius is important in predicting transretinal penetration Carroll PJ. ; Patel, T.R. par | Juil 2, 2022 | mitchell wesley carlson charged | justin strauss net worth | Juil 2, 2022 | mitchell wesley carlson charged | justin strauss net worth The cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran 10 K was 4.82 0.32 M, in the human skin and 5.92 0.46 M in the pig skin. Hi Alan F Rawle sir, Can you help me in calculating the size of dextran 6 (molecular weight= 6000) and dextran 70 (molecular weight 70000) Expert Rev Med Devices. These studies on Mark-Houwink parameters are usually carried out at a given temperature, obtaining a consistent result but in a very limited temperature range [68]. Carbohydrate Research, 160, 205-214. 2009;8(2):1739. Chem. ; Picout, D.R. Human cadaver skin has been confirmed as alive skin tissue through analysis of its morphology and enzymes, and its usefulness as an alternative skin membrane in drug permeation experiments has been verified [20]. Macromolecules. Data File Dextran. The skin poration was performed using the microporation device (LG electronics, Korea). To improve drug permeability, micropore ablation using RF is performed by passing an alternating electrical current through the skin at a frequency higher than 100kHz. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. The great deviation at 2000kDa occurs due to the large hyperbranched structure of the macromolecule, generating a change in its conformation and, therefore, a change in the way it flows [73]. Cytotoxicity studies on human cervical cancer (HeLa) cell line showed non-toxic and biocompatible nature of dextran. Learn More. Privacy Transdermal drug delivery system for non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs: a review. Figure2 shows TEWL values measured before and immediately following the treatment of human cadaver skin with the microporation device. At 25C both values of a and kM-H are within the range reported by [3, 8, 16]. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. These constants can be determined experimentally by measuring the intrinsic viscosity of several polymer samples for which the molecular weight has been determined by an independent method (i.e. Guner, A.; Kibarer, G. (2001). Table 2 compares the properties of nanoparticles coated with one or other polymer. Carbohydrate Polymers, 74, 372-378. In summary, we demonstrated effective enhancement of skin permeability and delivery of macromolecules lower than 20KM.W., and regeneration of human cadaver skin after microporation with an RF-based microporation device. In the case of a poor solvent, a temperature increase causes an increase in entropy and intrinsic viscosity and is favorable for the extended conformation. Saudi Pharm J. Radiofrequency ablation of malignant liver tumors. Carbohydrate Polymers 95 360-365. Figure1 shows a schematic illustration of transdermal delivery after the application of the microporation device. Disclaimer. Walkenhorst, S.; Olivier, R. (2003). Curley SA. The skins were from the abdomen of a 39-year-old caucasian woman (BMI: 24). CAS 2009;6(4):34354. Santoro MM, Gaudino G. Cellular and molecular facets of keratinocyte reepithelization during. This low polydispersity realizes that the Mark-Houwink equation is forced at a given Mw regardless of the hyperbranched nature of the dextran molecule. where c is the solute concentration (g/cm3), [] is the intrinsic viscosity (cm3/g), and kH represents Huggins constants (cm3/g). Viswanath, D.S. ; Rani, K.Y. Using the polymer standards, a plot of the ln [] vs ln Mw usually gives a straight line. Bohdanecky, Miloslav (1996). Dextrans in Aqueous Solution. All authors have consented to the submission of this manuscript for publication. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of RF microporation technology in vitro, by evaluating the permeation of fluorescent-conjugated dextran (FITC-dextran) of various molecular weights through the human and pig skin after microporation, using a transdermal diffusion cell system. These results are in agreement with a previous study which suggested that the microporation using radiofrequency causes disruption of the SC, enabling the percutaneous permeation of the FITC-dextran [21]. Google Scholar. J. Braz. Harding, S. E.; Varum, K.; Stoke B.; Smidsrod, O. Amersham Biosciences, AA Edition, www.amershambiosciences.com. Prausnitz MR, Langer R. Transdermal drug delivery. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Quantitative data are presented as the meanstandard deviation, and comparisons were carried out using one-way ANOVA (Systat Software Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Nat Biotechnol. The mostly used commercial product/ polysaccharide is dextran, and it is produced from bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides, with an overall degree of branching of about 5% [1-3][1]. European. Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea, LG electronics, 19 Yangjae-daero 11-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06772, Republic of Korea, You can also search for this author in Dextran (DX) is one type of EPS synthesized by LAB in the presence of sucrose (R g), radius of hydrodynamic (R h), polymer conformation parameter ( = R g /R h), intrinsic viscosity ([]), Mark-Houwink coefficient () and branching degree of DXs of RPYs prepared under different conditions. Drug Deliv. WebDextran 40 Pharmaceutical Quality. Ann Surg Oncol. Hydrodynamic properties, such as the intrinsic viscosity, [], and equilibrium solution properties such as the hydrodynamic radius RH can be combined to construct dimensionless quantities that are universal since they are of being independent of the macromolecular particle size, while they depend more or less sensitively on its shape [51]. Keratinocytes adjacent to the wound site induced by the microporation in the epidermis undergo a series of modifications that allow their proliferation and migration to the wound. In vitro studies with human cadaver skin is a viable, ethical, and economical alternative for in vivo animal studies. The Transdermal diffusion cell system was protected from light. California Privacy Statement, Eng. Accueil; Solution; Tarif; PRO; Mon compte; France; Accueil; Solution; Tarif; PRO; Mon compte Carbohydrate Research, 340, 811-826. (2003). The measurements of dextrans molecular weight were determined by size exclusion HPLC (Gilson, France) with Refraction Index detector using a Polysep-GFC-P5000 column (7.8030 mm). 2018;1:10915. The Principle of the Suspended Level: Applications to the Measurement of Viscosity and Other Properties of Liquids. The above data are not useful because it can not be compared with those obtained in this work. Conducting a comparative analysis of the data shown in Table 1 can observer that parameter data Mark-Houwink a, obtained by these authors are very similar to that obtained in this work, which affirms its validity. Chem. After 8h, the micropore became more distorted from the previous circle, suggesting that the micropores were closing. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. WebThe hydrodynamic radius ( Rh) determined by our Fluidity instruments is the Stokes radius, or the size of a hard spherical particle that diffuses at the same rate as the protein (s) detected. MeSH The M-H equation is empirical and valid for monodisperse polymers, and it is applied to biomacromolecules (complex, hyperbranched, crosslink), taking the precaution of comparing the value of Mv with the polydispersity index (qM-H). After the pore closure examination, each sample was stored in a 10% neutral buffered formalin awaiting haematoxylin/eosin (H&E) staining. The value of P increases from 1.0272 to 1.2694 (spherical shape with tendency to spheroid for high Mw). The skin was treated with the RF-based microporation device, inducing micropore ablation through alternating electrical current. Measurements were made with a Ubbelohde C type suspended level viscometer [57] (IVA, Argentina); with a diameter capillary of 0.81mm and water draining time of 35.89s at 20C, with viscometer constant of 0.027883 mm2/s [58]. 8. 2021 Aug;13(4):915-925. doi: 10.1007/s12602-021-09751-1. (2008). Dynamic light scattering study confirmed the mono-disperse nature of dextran with hydrodynamic radius of 900 nm. Trop J Pharm Res. WebTo address this perception, in the current study, FITC-dextran of different MWs (10, 70 and 150 kDa) was used to model the transdermal delivery of low MW biotherapeutics and mAbs with MWs of approximately 150 kDa. ; Weisz, J. Drug Deliv Syst. Aqueous solutions of amphiphilic polysaccharides: Concentration and temperature effect on viscosity. Pharmaceut Sci Tech. The (a/b) value is 2.5 which confirms that dextran in aqueous solution is a biopolymer with a spherical conformation for an Mw range from 8.8 to 200kDa, and with tendency to compaction with increasing temperature (RH decreases). ACS Nano. Viscosity of aqueous solutions of polysaccharides and hydrophobically modified polysaccharides: Application of Fedors equation. Kasaai, Mohammad R. (2012). With FITC-dextran 20 K, cumulative 20K groups (n=3, *: p<0.05, **: p<0.01). Although we didnt conduct assay for inflammation, we could not find any inflammation symptoms such as redness, blisters, cracked, and thickening. 2017 Dec 12;27(1):73-78. doi: 10.1007/s10068-017-0274-0. a Immediately after microporation, b 4h, c 8h, and d 24h (n=5, *: p<0.05). Weissella: An Emerging Bacterium with Promising Health Benefits. When applied to adherent cell cultures, the APGD-t is capable of inducing temporary cell permeabilization. Teixeira CG, Fusieger A, Milio GL, Martins E, Drider D, Nero LA, de Carvalho AF. To confirm the extent of skin damage and regeneration after microporation, porations were performed 2, 5, and 10 times. On the molecular weight distribution of dextran T-500. of different origins. GYA primarily conducted research. 2008;28(5):64557. WebR H Hydrodynamic radius [m] The basic DLS setup. Molecular weight determination of polysaccharides. dextran hydrodynamic radius. Structural characterization of a new dextran with a low degree of branching produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides FT045B dextransucrase. Human skins (Full-thickness human skin) were supplied by HansBiomed. Google Scholar. The Mark-Houwink parameters is calculated molecular weights range from 8.8 to 200kDa. Die Makromolekulare Chemie, 148(1), 229-238. A solvent at this temperature is called a theta solvent [53]. Epub 2012 May 28. The fact that the intrinsic viscosity of a given polymer sample is different according to the solvent used gives and insight about the general shape of polymer molecules in solution. Pharm Res. Degrees of long-chain branching in dextrans. Microporations were performed 2, 5, and 10 times and the skin damage was confirmed using the TEWL measurement.