The project is estimated to take several months to complete. The Weapon-class destroyers was a class of destroyers built for the Royal Navy towards the end of World War II. One E-class ship was transferred to the RCN and another to the Royal Hellenic Navy (Greece). US Naval Advance Bases - Wikipedia The first class of eight student naval aviators (SNA) completed Naval Aviation Training Next (NATN). Sea bees depot with earthmovers, used to built runways, ramps, roads and foundations. CAMP LEMONNIER, Djibouti -Members of the U.S. Navys Maritime Expeditionary Security Squadron 8, the Djiboutian Navy, and the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force participated in a trilateral training engagement aboard the Japanese destroyer JS Suzutsuki based in the Port of Djibouti, Feb. 25. Ukraine's Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant no . Littoral Combat Ships are a fast, agile, mission-focused platform designed for operation in near-shore environments yet capable of open-ocean operation. Naval Forces Europe-Africa (NAVEUR-NAVAF) and U.S. Sixth Fleet (SIXTHFLT) headquarters in Naples, Italy, to discuss regional maritime security during the Combined Force Maritime Component Commander (CFMCC) Flag Course, Nov. 14-18, 2022. The Royal Navy then needed new ships quickly to increase numbers, replace losses and exploit experience and so design became simplified and cheaper to produce, with greater anti-aircraft and anti-submarine power (War Emergency Programme). The pattern was cut short by the need for numbers of basic ships arising from the hard lessons of war. Two of the ships had been previously ordered (as Celt and Centaur) as part of the planned C class, or 15th Emergency flotilla, of 1944, but the orders were changed to the new design. The modern Hunt-class mine countermeasures vessels maintain the Hunt names lineage in the Royal Navy. National Night Out was introduced in August of 1984 through an already established network of law enforcement agencies, neighborhood watch groups, civic groups, state and regional crime prevention associations, and volunteers across the nation. The health and well-being of Sailors, their families and civilians are the Navy's top priority. Today, the ship is a museum in Baltimore's Inner Harbor. WIESBADEN, Germany With winter almost behind them, senior American generals hosted Ukrainian military officials this week for a set of "tabletop" exercises . Northwest hosts a diverse group of tenant commands, providing environmental stewardship to preserve the 3,900 acres of farm and wetlands in Southeastern corner of Virginia, to cutting- edge crypto logic support to global U.S. Navy operations. The ATMs on base issue both Won andU.S. dollars. The base provides a massive boon to local economy. Secondary armament progressed from largely ineffective batteries of machine-guns and 2 pdr "pom-pom"s to Bofors and Oerlikon rapid-fire cannon, sometimes at the expense of torpedo tubes. Surrounded on three sides by water -- Corpus Christi Bay, Oso Bay and the Laguna Madre -- Naval Air Station Corpus Christi has been home to Naval pilot training since 1941. Three more Tribals were taken by the RAN. The Japanese cruiserHaguro was intercepted by the 26th Destroyer Flotilla (HMS Saumarez, Verulam, Venus and Virago) and sunk 55miles(89km) off Penang, on 16 May 1945. (Courtesy photo by Spanish Navy), An official website of the United States government, Naval Station Rota Installation Sexual Assault Response Coordinator 24/7 Duty Cell, All Hands Magazine is produced by the Defense Media Activity for U.S. Navy Office of Information. Fuel for ships, airplanes and vehicles was in much demand, 25,000,000 barrels of fuel was shipped to Pacific bases in just June 1945. A "basic" pattern was developed to perform with the fleet and to react to the growing threat from air attack. At the start of the war, or afterwards, the Royal Navy acquired vessels designed and built for foreign navies, in foreign shipyards. Electronic attack squadrons operate from aircraft carriers and fixed land bases to tactically exploit, suppress, degrade and deceive enemy electromagnetic defensive and offensive systems, including communications and pro-forma signals in support of amphibious assaults, air strikes and fleet operations. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Aranza Valdez), Your source for information on Navy life in the Pacific Northwest. As a result, the "legacy" and inter-war classes were deficient in anti-submarine (ASW) and anti-aircraft (AA) weapon systems. BASE CONDITION LINE: (401) 841-2211 Naval Support Activity Hampton Roads Northwest Annex | Base Overview The W and Z-class destroyers were two classes of sixteen destroyers of the Royal Navy launched in 19431944. NAS Corpus Christi has supported pilot training and operations since 1941. Lastly, there were insufficient units and the urgent need was more for numbers rather than quality of build. You must log in or register to reply here. Naval Station (NAVSTA) Newport traces its history back to1881, when the Navy acquired Coasters Harbor Island from the state of Rhode Island. Itremains a U.S. Navy premier site for training officers, officer candidates, senior enlisted leadersand midshipman candidates, as well as supporting training for severalenlisted personnel rates for Sailors and Marines. Free Turkey or Ham for Thanksgiving, when you spend $300 until November 26, 2020. Much the equipment was destroyed. Moscow's troops seized the nuclear plant in the southern Zaporizhzhia region on March 4 last year, just after the start of Russia's invasion AFP. A few bases also were developed to be R and R for all U.S. personnel. Naval Forces Africa and Commander, Navy Installations Command. NORFOLK, Virginia - The Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS Bulkeley (DDG 84) departed Naval Station Norfolk Aug. 4, commencing the ship's scheduled homeport shift to Rota, Spain as. The Tribal-class destroyers were a one-off class built as a response to the large destroyers of Germany, France and Italy. Naval War College pose for a photo during the 24th International Seapower Symposium (ISS). As a broad summary, British destroyers developed from the successful V and W-class destroyers of World War I, increasing in complexity until World War II. British-built and -designed vessels were also supplied to and built by allied navies, primarily the Australian and Canadian navies. There are aircraft carrier-based flight training operations scheduled to occur at the Naval Air Station Whidbey Island complex the week of February 20-26, 2023. The O and P-class destroyers were ordered to meet this brief, some with high-angle (HA) 4-inch guns to supplement the secondary anti-aircraft Oerlikons. Ships of both flotillas retained all of their four 4.7s, as well as the 3-inch and 'pom pom' anti-aircraft guns. A $3 million military construction program will deliver a modern postal facility to a community that has sent and . In the South Pacific, Seabees operated coral pit mines, as crushed coral was used for runways, roads, sidewalks, and more. Naval Aviation Training Next Project Hellcat graduates first class of student aviators, Project Avenger: Simulators Get Live Air Traffic Control for More Immersive Flight Training, Replacing Aging Waterlines at NAS Corpus Christi, Acting Under Secretary Experiences Flight Training in South Texas, Air Installation Compatible Use Zone (AICUZ), NAS Corpus Christi Water Quality Information, NAS Corpus Christi Gate Hours and Getting Here, Hosted by Defense Media Activity - WEB.mil. It is important to remember thatwe are ambassadors for the US Navy at all times. Large storage depots with fuel, ammunition, food, and other consumable supplies. Commander, Fleet Activities Chinhae - Navy The anti-aircraft weaponry was not significantly improved, however, and this was a serious flaw. The Korean currency is the Won. Marine Safety Unit Valdez Coast Guard Base in Valdez, AK. JACKSONVILLE, Fla. - A small business was awarded a contract by Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southeast to repair and replace Naval Air Station Corpus Christi's potable water system that was installed in the 1940s. NAVSTA Rota Celebrates Black History Month, USS Bulkeley departs Norfolk for home port shift to Rota, Spain, Naval Station Rota Holds Change of Command, NAVSUP in Spain Leverages Capacities, Resources to Support OAW, Frontline Workers at NAVSTA Rota Begin Receiving COVID-19 Vaccine, U.S. National Support Element Lisbon, Portugal, U.S. National Support Element Madrid, Spain, U.S. National Support Element Naples, Italy, U.S. National Support Element Valencia, Spain, U.S. National Support Element Sigonella, Italy, Naval Supply Systems Command Fleet Logistics Center Sigonella - Rota, Explosive Ordnance Disposal Mobile Unit 8, Detachment Rota, Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) Europe, Africa and Southwest Asia, Public Works Department Rota, Forward Deployed Regional Maintenance Center (FDRMC) Detachment Rota, Drinking Water Consumer Confidence Report, Welcome to U.S. Naval Education and Training Command's Rear Adm. Pete Garvin and Force Master Chief Matthew Harris spent a day in Newport, visiting training commands and discussing a wide range of topics including Ready Relevant Learning, Warrior Toughness, and the chief of naval operations call to action for every Navy leader to Get Real, Get Better.. Although the Hunt-class destroyers had their origin before war started, experience caused the design to be changed, resulting in four different types. In general, German designs were intended for short-range duties in the North and Baltic seas and were unsuited to ocean duties by limited range and wetness in heavy seas. Today, Navy, Marine Corps,Coast Guardand foreign student pilots earn their wings training in the fours squadrons of Training Air Wing FOUR, using NAS' Truax Field and outlying airfields. Effectiveness was further improved by improvements in fire control, such as the adoption of the Dutch Hazemeyer system. Ordered in 1939, they were the first ships in the War Emergency Programme, also known as the 1st and 2nd Emergency Flotilla, respectively. At the start of the war civilian contractors were employed in construction. WASHINGTON-- Commander, Navy Installations Command, Vice Adm. Yancy B. Lindsey, announced the 2021 CNIC Installation Excellence Award winners, recognizing the top Navy shore commands for their installation management, program excellence and community outreach, Jan. 11. Acting Under Secretary of the Navy Gregory J. Slavonic experienced the Navys new approach to primary flight training during a visit to Chief of Naval Air Training (CNATRA) at Naval Air Station Corpus Christi, Oct. 8. Anti-aircraft weaponry varied in the class, four Oerlikon 20 mm cannon being installed on some ships. Jinhae's population more than doubles, as people flock to the city to enjoy the festivities and show their respect to the late Admiral Yi Sun Shin. We have significant shared security interests, and Spain has traditionally supported U.S. forces deployments and operations with U.S. forces departing Spain directly into international air and sea space. For housing, offices, mess halls, and depots a vast amount of quonset huts of different sizes were built. Secondly, fleet destroyer range was inadequate and this was exacerbated at convoy speeds; significant adaptations were necessary. At U.S. Base in Germany, Ukraine's Military Conducts War Games Some classes were fitted with a single 3-inch (76mm) AA gun, but this was unsatisfactory and discontinued. (note: "Chinhae" was the olderMcCune-Reischauer spelling variation that is still used in our base namesake). Chef Des Trains: Ruritanische Staatsbahn/ Uritn llami Vasutak/ Ruritanian Railways. They were built with four twin 4.7-inch mountings, later reduced to three to accommodate additional AA weaponry. Another pair of flotillas, the G and H-class destroyers continued the gentle evolution of the design with a revised engine room layout. Six modern French destroyers of the La Melpomne class and two older Bourrasque-class ships were acquired. That is how the author describes his work. A third was also accidentally destroyed after the war. It is designed to defeat asymmetric "anti-access" threats and is capable of supporting forward presence, maritime security, sea control, and deterrence. They were only slightly larger than the A class, 1,360 tons (standard). [2][3][4], Built at the bases were personnel housing, piers, roads, shops, power plants, water plants. The basic strength of these ships was derived through longitudinal members instead of the earlier transverse ones. Twenty-four Hs were built. They displaced 1,350 tons and they could attain 35 knots (65km/h; 40mph). (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class John Hetherington), 190329-N-KL795-1005 A vast amount of vehicles, supplies and equipment at the bases was deemed not needed and too costly to ship to the U.S. Bring the gear home also would have hurt home front industries, as there was already a vast amount of military surplus. A year later, on Oct. 6, 1884, the Naval War College was established on the island. A gunman killed at least three people at the Naval Air Station Pensacola in Florida this morning. NAS Whidbey Island is the premier naval aviation installation in the Pacific Northwest and home of all Navy tactical electronic attack squadrons flying the EA-18G Growler. Five were lost. At the end of World War 2, almost all of the bases were closed, many were abandoned. Good Stuff, particularly of the loco leaving Bankhead tunnel. They enjoy attending our English classes, we love that they have a Dunkin Doughnuts on base (and many other services) and everyone loves working together during COMRELS or competing on the sports fields. It provides uniformed Service members equitable housing compensation based on housing costs in local civilian housing markets within the United States. Teague J. Suarez relieved Capt. These were mainly of U.S. origin - the Town class described above, but there were also numbers of French and Dutch destroyers. Some became major repair depots. 1521 San Diego, CA 92135 (619) 545-9551 Navy Gateway Inns & Suites Naval Base San Diego 2450 McHugh St Bldg. The records include information related to administration/fiscal, legal agreements, correspondence, personnel,. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Pallikulo Bay Pontoon Wharf with USS Tangier unloading supplies, AFDB-1 with USSWest Virginia in for repairs off Aessi Island on 13 November 1944. Loveland native serves U.S. Navy at Naval Base Point Loma Only two, including the Canadian ship survived the war. Many runways were built using steel Marston Mats. The six requisitioned Brazilian ships are sometimes referred to as the Havant class. During the springtime, approximately 160,000 cherry trees blossom and tourists from all over the world come to Jinhae for the famousCherry Blossom Festival. NAVAL STATION ROTA, Spain - Naval Supply Systems Command Fleet Logistics Center Sigonella (NAVSUP FLCSI) provides a full range of solutions for logistics, business and support services to the Navy, Joint and Allied Forces throughout the U.S. European Command area of responsibility, including at Naval Station (NAVSTA) Rota, Spain. NAVSTA is also the hometoNaval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Newport which is one of two Navyfull-spectrum research, development, test and evaluation, engineering, and fleet support centers for submarine warfare systems and many other systems associated with the undersea battlespace. They were built as two flotillas, known as the 5th and 6th Emergency Flotilla, and they served as fleet and convoy escorts in World War II. The U and V-class destroyers were two classes of sixteen destroyers of the Royal Navy launched in 19421943. Ships designed built for foreign navies in Britain are described under the relevant class. Cubans still reside on Guantnamo Bay base decades after US-Cuba - CNN Naval Activities Spain and commanding officer of Naval Station Rota during a change of command ceremony in front of the installations headquarters, July 14. Nuclear Base Fired 6 Service Members Over Failed Safety - military.com A Year On, Ukraine's Embattled Nuclear Plant Turned Russian 'Military Base' The island of Guam is located approximately 3,300 miles West of Hawaii, and 1,500 miles east of the Philippines and south of Japan. Guam is a territory of the United States and its residents are US citizens. Ports were needed for many new cargo ships to dock, like the: 2,710 Liberty ships and 531 Victory ships built, plus the many new tankers and new warships. Sailors and their familiesfeel welcomed by the local residents. One was lost in bad weather in December 1940 and the remainder were returned to France in 1945. Family Housing - Navylife PNW Camp Lemonnier provides, operates and sustains superior servicein support of combat readiness and security of ships, aircraft, detachments and personnel forregional and combatant command requirements; and enables operations in the Horn of Africa while fostering positive U.S.-African Nation relations. CAMP LEMONNIER, Djibouti -The Camp Lemonnier, Djibouti (CLDJ) Navy Exchange (NEX) has been selected as the 2021 winner in Sales Category 4 for stores with sales of $10 -19 million. The C-class destroyers was a class of 32 destroyers of the Royal Navy that were launched from 1943 to 1945. Nine I-class destroyers were ordered for the Royal Navy, plus four more for Turkey. JACKSONVILLE, Fla. - A project 70 years in the making, a new post office opens its doors at Naval Station Guantanamo Bay this week. Only one saw action in the Pacific. National Night Out is an annual community-building campaign designed to enhance the relationship between neighbors and law enforcement. (U.S. Navy photo by Chief Petty Officer Joshua Karsten), An official website of the United States government, All Hands Magazine is produced by the Defense Media Activity for U.S. Navy Office of Information, News from around Naval Submarine Base New London, QR Codes Are Changing The Customer Service Game Across Navy Region Mid-Atlantic, Face of Defense: Machinist's Mate Moonlights as Mural Maker, NMRTU Groton Conducts COVID-19 Specimen Collection for Deploying Submariners, USS Colorado Continues the Tradition of the Submarine Battle Flag, Photos From Around Naval Submarine Base New London, News - The "Flagship" Weekly Region Newspaper, Hosted by Defense Media Activity - WEB.mil. Live updates: Deadly shooting at Pensacola naval base - CNN It is one of eight National Historic Landmarks in Alaska that was designated to commemorate the World War II in . Naval Station (NAVSTA) Newport traces its history back to1881, when the Navy acquired Coasters Harbor Island from the state of Rhode Island. Closed 1946. WASHINGTON and MERSIN, Turkey A Russian amphibious assault is underway in Ukraine, pushing thousands of Russian naval infantry from the Sea of Azov onto land west of port town Mariupol,. The new design became the standard. (U.S Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Maxwell Higgins), USS San Juan (SSN 751) returns from routine operations to Naval Submarine Base New London, The USS San Juan (SSN 751) transits the Thames River as the ship returns from routine operations to Naval Submarine Base New London in Groton, Conn., Sept. 2. The engine room layout was made more compact, despite vulnerability to complete engine failure by a single well-placed hit. If pile driving was not suitable, a floating wharf was built. Minot Air Force Base is the only installation in the service that operates two legs of the triad, housing the 5th Bomb Wing's B-52 Stratofortress strategic bombers and the 91st Missile Wing's . The Brazilians subsequently built their own, the Acre-class destroyers, based on the H class but with 5-inch guns supplied by the United States. For much of the twentieth century, the U.S. Camp Lemonnier is a U.S. Navy led installation operated byCommander, Navy Region Europe, Africa, Central via U.S. Allies and partners gather for Combined Force Maritime Component Commander (CFMCC) Course in Naples, Italy, NETC Commander Visits Newport Training Commands, Former Team USA synchronized skating athlete earns commission at Officer Candidate School, Defense Institute of International Legal Studies, Explosive Ordnance Disposal Mobile Unit Twelve, Naval Undersea Warfare Center (HQ & Div Npt), Navy Family Accountability and Assessment System (NFAAS) User Guide, News - The "Flagship" Weekly Region Newspaper, Hosted by Defense Media Activity - WEB.mil. Naval activities began at NBK Bangor in June 1944, when the U.S. Naval Station Norfolk is a United States Navy base in Norfolk, Virginia, that is the headquarters and home port of the U.S. Navy's Fleet Forces Command. Basic Allowance for Housing (BAH) Keep Your Family Safe PNW Navy Life, An official website of the United States government, All Hands Magazine is produced by the Defense Media Activity for U.S. Navy Office of Information, Field Carrier Landing Practice Schedule at the NAS Whidbey Island Complex for Week of March 6-12, 2023, Field Carrier Landing Practice Schedule at the NAS Whidbey Island Complex for Week of February 20-26, 2023, Field Carrier Landing Practice Schedule Change at the NAS Whidbey Island Complex for Week of February 13-19, 2023, Field Carrier Landing Practice Schedule at the NAS Whidbey Island Complex for Week of February 13-19, 2023. The Es were built between 1931 and 1934 and the Fs one year later. David Baird as commander, U.S. GROTON, Conn. affectionately known as "the Submarine Capital of the World" is known for, well, submarines. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Maxwell Higgins), CNO visits Naval Submarine Base New London, Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) Adm. Mike Gilday departs from the Virginia Class submarine USS South Dakota (SSN 790), after a tour of the submarine. Find Your Region - Commander, Navy Installations Command Jinhae has a population ofapproximately 172,000 people and is known for the annual cherry blossom festival. A team of 14 sailors from Navy Medicine Readiness and Training Unit (NMRTU) Groton conducted a pilot evolution to collect COVID-19 specimen samples for 165 submariners preparing to deploy from Naval Submarine Base New London. Welcome to the Internet home of the World's First and Finest Submarine Base, Naval Submarine Base New London. By year's end, 25 Vs and 25 Ws had been ordered. 10 Feb 1952 - THE CRUEL SEA - Trove They were used to defend and escort convoys and the fleet, to perform aggressive operations against enemy merchant and naval ships, to act as transports and to deliver bombardments in support of armies. Thirdly, armament did not address the air and submarine threats to convoys and essential inclusions affected stability. The design authorised for 1942 was actively debated even after construction had been started. NAVSTA Rota plays a crucial role in supporting our nations objectives and defense, providing unmatched logistical support and strategic presence to all of our military services and allies. The larger bases could do refueling and overhaul; loading of troopship and cargo ships; and preparing amphibious assault ships. 210915-N-TR763-1182 NEWPORT, RI. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Margie Vinson), Lt. Cmdr. While escorting convoy OB318, HMSBulldog captured U-110 and, critically, its top-secret Enigma cipher machine and documentation. The US Army and United States Coast Guard also operated out of many of these facilities. Find information on Navy events, entertainment, fitness, sports, Fleet & Family Support Programs, child care, youth & teen programs, outdoor recreation, single sailor activities, housing, dining, Navy Gateway Inns & Suites, and much more. Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek. So in 1943, the US Navy created Service Squadrons. The Hedgehog spigot mortar arrived in early 1943 and was fitted in older destroyers converted for convoy escort work. A new Quick Response code program is taking customer service to the next level around the region. March 2, 2023, 8:13 p.m. Thespoken language inJinhae is Korean. (Sept. 15, 2021) Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) Adm. Mike Gilday gives remarks during an event at the International Seapower Symposium (ISS). Mel, CMO and chief sausage knotter, the Wetton Gooey Light Railway. Camp Lemonnier is the primary base of operations for U.S. Africa Command in the Horn of Africa. Some of the abandoned bases were used for local military, some turned into towns and ports, like Naval Advance Base Espiritu Santo. As thousands of Special Immigration Visa (SIV) applicants transited from Afghanistan through NAVSTA Rota during Operation Allies Welcome (OAW), NAVSUP FLCSI leveraged its logistics support capacities and resources to support the humanitarian effort. Curaao, Netherlands West Indies, Camp Parera, Entrance Point, Naval outlying station, on Sandy Cove on Little Koniuji Island of the. Bing Maps - Directions, trip planning, traffic cameras & more Sensitive enough to hear even raindrops on the surface of the water, each piece of machinery is heavily tested within the lake's depths for range, accuracy, and buoyancy design. Rising oceans threaten to submerge 128 military bases: report - Navy Times Seabees could build new or repair damaged runways, and with advancements in heavy bomber technology lengthen runways as needed. A service squadron would have: tankers, Fleet oilers, Troopship-barracks ships, refrigerator ships, ammunition ships, supply ships, floating docks, different kinds of barges and repair ships. Top 5 naval bases - Navy Times CFAC is located in the Jinhae district () of Changwon City (). https://www.facebook.com/pages/Wetton-Gooey-Light-Railway/246392918762922. In addition, eight 12.7mm machine guns were fitted. Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam - Navy Two of the Hs had a modified bridge arrangement arising from the use of a new and taller gun mounting. (U.S. Navy photo by Chief Mass Communication Specialist Nicholas Brown/Released), 210915-N-TR763-2083 NEWPORT, RI. Here, however, is a sample of significant and famous actions: The British 4th Destroyer Flotilla four destroyers (HMSSikh, HMSMaori, HMSLegion and the Dutch destroyer Isaac Sweers) - intercepted and sank the Italian cruisers Alberto di Giussano and Alberico da Barbiano. SECURITY WATCH COMMANDER DUTY LINE: (401) 378-6561, Base Guide &Directory- Installation Information and Phone Directory, Military ID Card &DEERS Office- Site Locator andSchedulingWebsite, Navy Medicine andHealth - NMRTC New England, Pass and ID- Installation Access andRequirements. This was reflected in the emphasis on the installation and development of anti-ship weaponry - guns and torpedoes. You are using an out of date browser. A Year On, Ukraine's Embattled Nuclear Plant Turned Russian 'Military Base' The six Dutch ships were old designs of preWorld War I vintage. It was scrapped in 1949. Your source for information on Navy life in the Pacific Northwest. World War II Maritime Commission ship designs, United States naval ship classes of World War II, Australia, Papua New Guinea & Dutch New Guinea, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Detachment AUTEC, Naval Computer and Telecommunications Station Naples, Italy, Pacific Islands home front during World War II, Dutch Harbor Naval Operating Base and Fort Mears, U.S. Army, Aleutian World War II National Historic Area, Sitka Naval Operating Base and U.S. Army Coastal Defenses, U.S.