Predominantly serving New Orleans, the New Orleans Regional Transit Authority is the largest transit agency in the state. Some priests continued to perform interracial marriage ceremonies, for example, and some slaveholders continued to manumit slaves without permission while others punished slaves brutally. The state's capital is Baton Rouge, and its largest city is New Orleans, with a population of roughly 383,000 people. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. 2005. Holden Matthews, 21 years old, was charged with the destruction of the churches. The free people of color gained more rights in the colony and sometimes education; they generally spoke French and were Roman Catholic. Violent attacks on civil rights activists in two mill towns were catalysts to the founding of the first two chapters of the Deacons for Defense and Justice in late 1964 and early 1965, in Jonesboro and Bogalusa, respectively. The alluvial region includes low swamp lands, coastal marshlands and beaches, and barrier islands that cover about 12,350 square miles (32,000km2). Most parishes have an elected government known as the Police Jury,[261] dating from the colonial days. [172] The center of population of Louisiana is located in Pointe Coupee Parish, in the city of New Roads. The current Louisiana governor is Democrat John Bel Edwards. (12 December 2021). It opened the way for the eventual expansion of the United States across the continent to the Pacific Ocean. Over time, there developed in the French colony a relatively large group of Creoles of Color (gens de couleur libres), who were primarily descended from African slave women and French men (later other Europeans became part of the mix, as well as some Native Americans). As of 2016, Louisiana was the birthplace of the most NFL players per capita for the eighth year in a row. Both these Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) schools compete against each other in football annually in the much anticipated Bayou Classic during Thanksgiving weekend in the Superdome. It also has had the highest homicide rate in the United States since at least the 1990s. As an ethnically and culturally diverse state, pre-colonial, colonial and present-day Louisianians have adhered to a variety of religions and spiritual traditions; pre-colonial and colonial Louisianian peoples practiced various Native American religions alongside Christianity through the establishment of Spanish and French missions;[195] and other faiths including Haitian Vodou and Louisiana Voodoo were introduced to the state and are practiced to the present day. 402 section P row 13 seat anonymous Celtic Park Celtic FC vs Rangers FC 2012 402 section P row 23 seat Dean1471 Celtic Park Celtic FC vs Barcelona Witnessing History 402 section Y row 4 seat anonymous Celtic Park Celtic FC vs Blackburn Rovers 402 section Your Seattle Ticket Resale Marketplace. The state was quickly defeated in the Civil War, a result of Union strategy to cut the Confederacy in two by controlling the Mississippi River. [94] By 1900, two years after the new constitution, only 5,320 black voters were registered in the state. [39], Plaquemine culture was contemporaneous with the Middle Mississippian culture that is represented by its largest settlement, the Cahokia site in Illinois east of St. Louis, Missouri. Giving them time off also effectively gave more power to slaves, who started cultivating their own gardens and crafting items for sale as their own property. [167] Among the immigrant population in 2014, an estimated 64,500 were undocumented; Louisiana's undocumented immigrant population earned more than a billion U.S. dollars and paid $136million in taxes. Among states in the. The aircraft wreckage and the site of the accident were contaminated after a limited explosion of non-nuclear material. Celtic Park Celtic FC vs Greenock Morton FC Restricted view seats weren't too bad at parkhead 119 section HH row 41 seat KieranM95 Celtic Park Celtic FC vs Greenock Morton FC Club 67 Kerrydale Suit Hospitality 139 section KK row 13 seat anonymous Celtic Park Celtic FC vs Greenock Morton FC Great seat brill view 406 section M row 24 seat Jewish communities have been established in the state's larger cities, notably New Orleans and Baton Rouge. It is the legislative and executive government of the parish, and is elected by the voters. Their origin can be traced back to the early Gulf of Mexico when the shallow ocean had high rates of evaporation. Louisiana's French settlements contributed to further exploration and outposts, concentrated along the banks of the Mississippi and its major tributaries, from Louisiana to as far north as the region called the Illinois Country, around present-day St. Louis, Missouri. [169][170][171], The population density of the state is 104.9 people per square mile. Because of its distinctive culture within the United States, only Alaska is Louisiana's rival in popularity as a setting for reality television programs. But thousands of other workers, black and white alike, migrated to California for better jobs in its burgeoning defense industry. [108][109] In August 2016, an unnamed storm dumped trillions of gallons of rain on southern Louisiana, including the cities of Denham Springs, Baton Rouge, Gonzales, St. Amant and Lafayette, causing catastrophic flooding. [162] Experiencing decline due to deaths and emigration to other states outpacing births and in-migration,[163][164][165] Louisiana's 2022 census-estimated population was 4,590,241. [263], While the Louisiana Civil Code of 1808 has been continuously revised and updated since its enactment, it is still considered the controlling authority in the state. At least 12 core areas would be needed to build a "protected areas system" for the state; these would range from southwestern prairies, to the Pearl River Floodplain in the east, to the Mississippi River alluvial swamps in the north. Louisiana slowly developed, over millions of years, from water into land, and from north to south. Trade with peoples to the southwest brought the bow and arrow. Article VI of the Code Noir forbade mixed marriages, forbade but did little to protect slave women from rape by their owners, overseers or other slaves. Additionally, the state operates a system of 22 state parks, 17 state historic sites and one state preservation area; in these lands, Louisiana maintains a diversity of fauna and flora. ", "U.S. federal state of Louisianareal GDP 20002019", "Katrina Effect: LA Tops Nation in Income Growth", "Pew: Arizona, Louisiana among seven states that receive more federal dollars than state tax revenue", "Photos: The Los Isleos Fiesta celebrates Canary Island immigrants, cultural heritage of St. Bernard", "Indigenous Tribes of New Orleans & Louisiana", "The French Language in Louisiana Law and Legal Education: A Requiem", "Louisiana joins international organization of French-speaking governments", "UL Lafayette achieves Carnegie's prestigious R1 designation", "National University Rankings | Top National Universities | US News Best Colleges", "How 19-year-old Zack Kopplin is making life hell for Louisiana's creationists", "Private school enrollment falls 5% in Louisiana, even more in New Orleans, Baton Rouge areas", "Half of Louisiana's voucher students at D or F schools in program's first year, data shows", "Private school vouchers will be used to educate almost 9,000 Louisiana students", "Federal government has right to examine voucher assignments, judge says", "Louisiana sues federal government to repair erosion along Gulf Intracoastal Waterway", "Cost of Voting in the American States: 2020", "Top 10 worst prisons in the United States Exploring-USA", "What is the Police Jury? [214] In late 2007 and early 2008, a 300,000-square-foot (28,000m2) film studio was scheduled to open in Trem, with state-of-the-art production facilities, and a film training institute. In the uplands and hills, the elevations rise to Driskill Mountain, the highest point in the state only 535 feet (163m) above sea level. [189] Hispanic and Latino Americans have also increased as the second-largest racial and ethnic composition in the state, making up nearly 7% of Louisiana's population at the 2020 census. The area of Louisiana is the place of origin of the Mound Builders culture during the Middle Archaic period, in the 4th millennium BC. Louisiana is a subsidized state, and Louisiana taxpayers receive more federal funding per dollar of federal taxes paid compared to the average state. [192] African American and French heritage have been dominant since colonial Louisiana. Several unique dialects of French, Creole, and English are spoken in Louisiana. Louisiana is often affected by tropical cyclones and is very vulnerable to strikes by major hurricanes, particularly the lowlands around and in the New Orleans area. Louisiana's secession was announced on January 26, 1861, and it became part of the Confederate States of America. [258], The Louisiana State Penitentiary, Angola - located near the border to Mississippi - is the largest maximum-security prison in the United States. Differences are found between Louisianian civil law and the common law found in the other U.S. states. The following day, Captain Amos Stoddard of the First U.S. When the United States won its independence from Great Britain in 1783, one of its major concerns was having a European power on its western boundary, and the need for unrestricted access to the Mississippi River. [212], New Orleans, Shreveport, and Baton Rouge are home to a thriving film industry. Eventually former Confederates came to dominate the state legislature after the end of Reconstruction and federal occupation in the late 1870s, and black codes were implemented to regulate freedmen and increasingly restricted the right to vote. Temperatures are generally warm in the winter in the southern part of the state, with highs around New Orleans, Baton Rouge, the rest of southern Louisiana, and the Gulf of Mexico averaging 66F (19C). [81], Louisiana became the eighteenth U.S. state on April 30, 1812; the Territory of Orleans became the State of Louisiana and the Louisiana Territory was simultaneously renamed the Missouri Territory. Since the Louisiana territory had never officially been turned over to the French, the Spanish took down their flag, and the French raised theirs. Its members are called Jurors, and together they elect a president as their chairman. In some regions, English was influenced by French, as seen with Louisiana English. In 1932, the State Highway Patrol was authorized to carry weapons. [198], Louisiana's population, agricultural products, abundance of oil and natural gas, and southern Louisiana's medical and technology corridors have contributed to its growing and diversifying economy. The Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority (CPRA) spends around $1billion per year to help shore up and protect Louisiana shoreline and land in both federal and state funding.[122][123]. These support an exceptionally large number of plant species, including many species of terrestrial orchids and carnivorous plants. They developed a distinct rural culture there, different from the French Creole colonists of New Orleans. ", "New Orleans: How the Crescent City Became a Sanctuary City | U.S. House of Representatives Judiciary Committee", "Sanctuary city ban advances in Louisiana Legislature, with New Orleans in mind", "Population and Population Centers by State2000", "Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census", "The Atakapa Indians: Cannibals of Louisiana", "Early Caddo History El Camino Real de los Tejas National Historic Trail (U.S. National Park Service)", "Louisiana as a French Colony | Articles and Essays | Louisiana: European Explorations and the Louisiana Purchase | Digital Collections | Library of Congress", "Louisiana as a Spanish Colony | Articles and Essays | Louisiana: European Explorations and the Louisiana Purchase | Digital Collections | Library of Congress", "The Earliest Asian American Settlement Was Established by Filipino Fishermen", "German Settlers in Louisiana and New Orleans", "Getting to Gemtlichkeit: German History and Culture in Southeast Louisiana", "Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals by Race, 1790 to 1990, and by Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990", "Legacy of Great Migration of black people from the South lives on, speakers say", "New 2020 census results show increased diversity countering decade-long declines in America's white and youth populations", "American Community Survey 2018 Demographic and Housing Estimates", "New origin options for 2020 census could provide useful Cajun, Creole data", "Americans under age 1 now mostly minorities, but not in Ohio: Statistical Snapshot", "Public Religion Research Institute Study", "Religion in America: U.S. Artillery marched his troops into town and had the American flag run up the fort's flagpole. The Louisiana State Capitol and the Louisiana Governor's Mansion are both located in Baton Rouge. In the postCivil War environment, Anglo Americans increased the pressure for Anglicization, and in 1921, English was for a time made the sole language of instruction in Louisiana schools before a policy of multilingualism was revived in 1974. Once part of the French colonial empire, the Louisiana Territory stretched from presentday Mobile Bay to just north of the presentday CanadaUnited States border, including a small part of what are now the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan. They are the primary criminal patrol and first responder agency in all matters criminal and civil. Conditions were harsh, the climate and soil were unsuitable for certain crops the colonists knew, and they suffered from regional tropical diseases. [156][157][158] Its resident population was 4,657,757 as of 2020. Over the next decade, thousands of refugees landed in Louisiana from the island, including Europeans, Dominican Creoles, and Africans, some of the latter brought in by each free group. The closure of this vital port to the United States caused anger and consternation. The oldest permanent settlement in the state is Nachitoches. Orleans Parish divided sheriffs' duties between criminal and civil, with a different elected sheriff overseeing each aspect. [110] An estimated 110,000 homes were damaged and thousands of residents were displaced. "African American Migration Experience: The Great Migration". [51] Physical conditions, including disease, were so harsh there was high mortality among both the colonists and the slaves, resulting in continuing demand and importation of slaves.[52].
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